I bought a laptop yesterday, it came pre-installed with Windows 11. I hate win 11 so I switched it down to Windows 10, but then started considering using Linux for total control over the laptop, but here’s the thing: I keep seeing memes about how complicated or fucky wucky Linux is to install and run. I love the idea of open source software and an operating system without any of the bullshit that comes with Windows, but most of the open source stuff I have is on my android and fairly easy to install. Installing and using Linux just feels like it’ll be a whole different beast that’ll eat up most of my time and I’m kind of intimidated by it.
TL;DR Linux scawy, how does a barely computer literate scrub like me who’s used nothing but windows since the dawn of their life get started with Linux?
- Download Mint
- Download VirtualBox
- Setup a Mint VM
- Get used to it (this is a long step, you’re free to try other distros, take your time)
- Download Rufus, install a Linux ISO of your choice to the USB
- Shrink Windows’ partition
- Turn off Secure Boot and RAID in your BIOS (steps vary by laptop/motherboard manufacterer)
- Boot your USB (try booting it in EFI mode instead of BIOS mode first, if you can)
- Follow the install instructions to install it alongside Windows
I gave what I think are the easiest and most beginner friendly instructions (Mint over Debian, Endeavour, Fedora or Ubuntu for example). Not all are the best suggestions (I suggested VirtualBox over QEMU and Rufus over Ventoy), I recommended you to go with your own preferences if you have any
If you run into any problems, this Lemmy community, the Ubuntu SO (also for non-Ubuntu questions, everyone is there) and the Mint Forums for Mint related questions are always there for you, don’t be afraid to ask and “don’t ask to ask”
;-)Good luck!
I will keep this as easy as possible, but if you installed Windows 10 that’s much harder than installing most Linux distros. If you want a lengthier tutorial but with pictures go to https://linuxmint-installation-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
- Go to https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=311 click any of the links there, the nearest to you they are the faster they will be.
- Find a USB drive you can use (probably like you did with Windows, and just like then everything inside it will be lost, so make a backup on another drive) and plug it on the PC.
- Download https://www.balena.io/etcher/ select the image you just downloaded, the USB drive you just plugged, and click flash.
- Reboot and boot using the USB drive like you did for Windows 10.
- You’re now on Linux, feel free to just poke around, you can connect to your wireless, browse the internet and do whatever, just notice that anything you install or save will be lost since its not really installed but running from the USB drive. When you’re ready click the install button.
- Follow the on-screen instructions like you did with Windows 10 (or )
- Reboot and unplug the USB drive and you should now be in Linux.
As you can see it’s 99% of the same you did with Windows, the hardest part of it (boot via USB drive) you already know how to do.
Now, that being said I do have one small recommendation, while installing you’ll see this screen https://linuxmint-installation-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/installer-install.png I personally recommend you select the “Something Else” option there and manually partition your drive to have:
512MBvfat(orfat32not sure how the Mint installer calls it) partition to be mounted on/boot(this might not be needed, but if you’re in UEFI mode, which is very likely because the machine originally had Windows 11, it is needed)60GBext4partition to be mounted on/(this is your system, 60GB should be enough, but if your disk is large enough you can give it 100 or whatever you like, just bear in mind that every program you install will be here)<Amount of RAM>swappartition (e.g. if you have 16GB of RAM then 16GB swap partition) (Swap is a place in the disk that can be used as RAM, you want it at least the same size as your RAM so you can hibernate the computer since RAM gets wiped when the computer powers off)Remainingas anext4partition to be mounted on/home(This is where your data, games, photos, etc will be, having this in a different partition is the reason I recommended to go with the custom partitioning. Unlike Windows on Linux partitions are just folders, so if your data is in a different partition than your system you can wipe your system, reinstall it or even install a completely different distro, without touching your data. In short this means that even if you screw up and end up with a non working system, you can follow the installation again, ensure that this partition is not marked for formatting, and you should be back in a new system but without losing any data or configurations)
That’s just a recommendation for future-proofing, but if you just want to try it and are okay with wiping everything later if needed then feel free to choose the default.
Go to your local Linux Users Group meetup
If that’s a real thing that sounds like absolute torture
It is a thing, it’s not a chore though. Usually it’s a talk about a cool project someone is involved with, sometimes guests from a major project give a talk.
And then snacks and chat after
Step one is back up your data.
Step one is always back up your data.
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This will be the closest to bare metal install when compared to running it from USB. USB live tend to feel laggy, because of the bus, but in a VM, it’s just like bare metal (almost) minus the “going all our” part.
Try many different distros and DEs before you make your choice.
Try atomic distros too, they may or may not be your cup of tea.
Go crazy on a VM. If you don’t like it, nuke it, try again with something else.
The only problem is the insane amount of options, which is also what makes this so much fun.
Go setup a Linux on a spare hard disk and fail as many times as you can.
Don’t fail twice because of same issue.
That’s all it takes to learn any skill really.
You can search online how to fix things, reach out to this community with logs. Over time you will learn how not to fail from many pitfalls, and voila, you are now a champion.!
Dont install it, yet. Make a bootable usb stick with balena etcher and put a linux distro on it (I highly recommend mint, pop_os or ubuntu (standard version) as ISO on it.
Ubuntu is very controversial in the more advanced sphere but I learned on it and its great for beginners.
If you want to go a little bit over the top download ventoy and put it on the usb instead. You can then put as many ISOs on there as you can fit and just select one of them at boot.
The most important part for beginners is the desktop environment anyway so gnome should be fine. If you have tried it for more than an hour and still feel like this could be fun, click install and give it a go.
You could also dual boot but windows might fuck you over since they‘re not great neighbors as an OS.
Feel free to ask if you want to know more. Good luck.
Ubuntu is very controversial in the more advanced sphere
I would argue only turbonerds really complain about it. But in my experience, for professionals who just need to get things done it works perfectly fine 99% of the time. Same for Windows or OSX to be honest.
Of course there’s going to be those one or two guys from the vocal minority with some esoteric hardware that didn’t work chiming in shortly I’m sure.
I think its an outdated recommendation. They keep making weird choices and one of only two friends that was willing to try Linux went and tried Ubuntu without my input and decided to go back to windows for a bunch of mostly mundane reasons that could have either been configured away or been preempted by using a different distro. The other guy will be back but on bazzite after trying my steam deck he only left for shitty rootkit anticheat games that he’s now sick of. He started on one of the arch easy install methods and was already a power user on both windows and Mac.
In fact, I dont use ubuntu on my desktop anymore because of their snap craze. I also think talking down to people shows lack of character btw. Have a good one anyway.
There are ways to remove snap and prevent it from (even accidentally) being installed again, that’s what I do. https://www.baeldung.com/linux/snap-remove-disable
But you can tell me how you think I was talking down to people? I’d like to know so I can correct my behavior if necessary.
Was it the word turbonerd? Sure not everyone may agree with that, it was said jokingly and I really just meant non-professional users who are passionate about Linux, wasn’t trying to make fun of anyone.
I highly appreciate you asking for feedback and acknowledge a possible opportunity for growth. Very rare, doubly so on the internet imo.
The intention you use something with - sadly - does not communicate over written text well. If you use common derogatory language in a „funny“ way doesnt change that it is derogatory. Think calling a black person the n word or a woman the b word but „meaning it funny“.
The word turbo nerd is exceptionally derogatory and akin to making fun of disabled people.
screaming at themselves or cursing can be a sign of tourette, the IT world has a very high rate of autistic people and hearing them scream can be a sign of a meltdown. Thats not something to make fun about.
In any case it never is your business to make fun of someone except the person gives consent (ie is a friend who is cool with being treated that way or does the same with you). Taking away people‘s agency that way is indeed what can lead to horrible outcomes. Just dont do it. You can be funny in a different way.
The word turbo nerd is exceptionally derogatory and akin to making fun of disabled people.
This is really not true in any way, and he never mentioned screaming. It is good that he’s being conscious here, and I don’t want to assume anything about your personal experiences, but I felt like I should offer my perspective because I feel that yours is not representative of the common view.
Listen mate, please read before you assume. I cited a source because thats what you do when you claim stuff so I did.
Using degrading language isnt okay and neither is trying to dismiss someone explaining it because its „not representative of the common view“. I never said it was.
I was explaining how I made the conclusion. No reason for you to jump to their defence. I was explaining. Have a good one.
Listen mate, please read before you assume.
?
Speaking of assuming, you assumed he was using the Urban Dictionary definition. What I was trying to say is that he likely didn’t mean it in that manner. It’s good to be conscious that the UD definition exists, but it seemed like you were saying he was intentionally using that definition.
Hope your day is going well too.
If someone is leaving windows for privacy reasons, it doesn’t make sense to go to Ubuntu.
Can you list some reasons why you think this is true?
I admit, everything I know about Ubuntu is heresay as I don’t use it myself. But I was under the impression that there was a lot of telemetry that they send back, and ads/bloatware they ship with to subsidize their development.
everything I know about Ubuntu is heresay
Then why did you act like you knew what you were talking about?
You have better things to do, why are you asking me that?
I don’t. I ask because confidently wrong people are one of the biggest reasons why the internet sucks IMO, and I want to understand why people do it.
Just dive in head first. You will likely find things you miss about windows but if you give Linux a fair chance I promise you in the end it pays off.
My switch was first a dual boot but I quickly realized I was rarely booting into windows and eventually just formatted the drive to purge all Microsoft from my system.
These days even games only built for windows run just finez if not better than Linux.
LibreOffice is great alternative to MSOffice and most other windows software will run with some form of wine (wine is not a windows emulator).
Freedom isn’t free. But it sure as heck is worth the extra steps to get there.
Linux Mint is a great starter Distro.
Buy a new SSD or hard drive. Take the existing one out of your computer and put it in a drawer. That eliminates the possibility of the Linux install somehow messing up your Windows drive. Put in the new drive and do your Linux install onto your new totally empty drive. Now you can always go back to Windows by swapping the drives again.
Seriously, Linux installation is pretty easy if a bit time consuming. I generally use Debian MATE since I don’t like Gnome. Go to https://cdimage.debian.org/images/release/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/ , copy debian-live-12.5.0-amd64-mate.iso onto a USB flash drive, set your BIOS to boot from USB, plug in the flash drive and boot and follow the prompts. Give yourself an hour or so for this since the installer is going to install 100s of packages one at a time. You mostly won’t have to interact while this is happening though.
I was once like you. You can do it. I like Linux mint. Here’s how to install it: Go to https://www.linuxmint.com/ and see what it’s about. It’s friendly, it’s very Windows like, it just works. Go here for the install guide: https://linuxmint-installation-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ Pick an .iso file and download it. Go to https://etcher.balena.io/#download-etcher To download the program that puts .iso files on USB drives. Use the Balena Etcher program to burn the .iso onto a USB thumb drive. Put your non-redownloadable files with sentimental value in another drive and remove the drive from your computer. Do not skip this step, order another drive if you have to (INB4 new laptop, but don’t forget this with your other machines). Plug in the USB drive that has Linux Mint on it. Power off your computer. Wait 20 seconds. Power on your computer. Mash the F2, F10, F12, and F5 keys until you get to the bios screen, or get to the bios screen if you know some other way. Find the setting that says something like “boot priority” and put USB drive above your C drive. Save and power off. Wait 20 seconds. Power on. Press F12 or whatever key you need to to get to the boot selection screen. Choose the option to boot from the Linux Mint USB drive. This is where you can test drive Linux before installing. Try ctl-alt-t to bust open a terminal. The terminal is your friend, but not required for the install. Close terminal with the command ‘exit’ or ctl-d or ctl-c ctl-d. Double click the install icon on the desktop. Follow instructions. Choose to delete windows forever from your life and put Linux on the hard drive. Follow instructions, they are no harder than any other wizard you have seen to install software. Reboot. Enjoy. Here are some tips: The terminal is your friend. Commands for learning the terminal, because the terminal can teach you to use the terminal (man is short for manual): man man man apt man ls man cd man vi man nano man less man pipe man mkfifo man rm apt search game —> searches for the keyword 'game" apt update ----> this is how to update your cache. Use it to pull your software updates apt upgrade ----> this is how to apply the updates to your machine.
—End terminal stuff— You can use your machine in the normal way too, same as any windows machine. Look around and explore. All the stuff in the software center is free (gratis). There’s lots of stuff. No more .exes to get software. Look at www.fsf.org to discover why free software is important.
If you have trouble you can DM me. I will help if I can. Good luck, you got this.
This comment will be the Shaman to my new voyage into Linux. Thanks for the very detailed instructions!
Did you install Windows 10 yourself from scratch? If you managed to do that you should be able to handle most Linux installs as well. I would go so far to say that generally Linux is easier to install than Windows nowadays. Go with Mint or OpenSUSE or Ubuntu and you should be all right.
If you have nvidia graphics that might give you trouble in the form of one extra package to install. If you have Intel or AMD graphics you shouldn’t expect any trouble at all.
The biggest difference between Windows and Linux is that you generally don’t download apps and drivers from websites but use your package manager to install stuff. Similar to app stores on smartphones. And unless it’s nvidia all drivers are already built in.
You can download live Linux images that boot directly from USB to try them out without installing. Often the live image is the same one you can then use to install Linux, if you want to.
Mint
I definitely found Linux Mint the easiest version to switch to, coming from Windows. All the menus and icons were basically where I expected to find them. I couldn’t have cared less about Wayland support, I just wanted to do basic tasks and for my printer to work, and Mint did that out of the box.
Linux is easier to install than Windows nowadays.
This.
Go with Mint or OpenSUSE or Ubuntu
Not this. Mint maybe, even though their Desktop looks dated and is not Wayland ready. But OpenSUSE is strange (what to use, Leap? Good luck with outdated packages; Tumbleweed? Well you are now rolling) and Ubuntu is basically dead.
Ubuntu is basically dead
LMAO
Ubuntu is dead
Kinda showed your ass with this one
Try Linux Mint. You set it up on a USB drive, and you can try using it before you install it. So load it up, and try doing a few things you’d normally do (check email, etc.). This way, you can get your feet wet without committing fully. If you find you like it, you can do an installation (and it doesn’t require any fancy terminal stuff).
Like others have said, definitely try a few distributions out via USB before committing. Also, you can dm me if you need help beyond what you find online.
Good luck, and have fun!
You don’t have to install Linux if you are not ready for it. You can test it without installing by using Linux live distributions. With Ventoy you can have 10 or 20 different Linux distributions on one USB stick and test them to see how well your laptop works with it and which flavors you would prefer.
Well, looks like you know how to format a PC. Then you already did 90% of the dirty work of installing and using a Linux.
Choose a friendly-linux distro and you’ll be fine. I suggest you to try
Arch (I’m joking!)Linux Mint, Fedora, PopOS or Zorin OS.I think PopOs would be really easy!
I really like System76s work so even though never used PopOS it is very likely fine.
But Zorin, hell no. It is a randomly patched outdated GNOME and their installer is Buggy.
Just use Fedora with Dash to panel and you have a better experience.
