Dunning Krueger Effect is an excellent example of bullshit science and people accepting things that sound right instead of rigorously checking.
Read more here https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-thinking/dunning-kruger-effect-probably-not-real
Edit: another source, perhaps more appropriate as a source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/how-do-you-know/202012/dunning-kruger-isnt-real
Your last link pissed me off enough I wrote an entire post on why that study is dog shit.
It sometimes pays off to review the methodology and supplementary materials in papers.
I’m going to answer the broader topic: “how do I know what mastery I have in a subject area?”
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Are you able to use parts of a problem in that area to fill in the gaps from experience to find a solution?
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Are you able to identify why an attempted solution to a problem in that area won’t work, and why?
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Do people refer to you with difficult questions about that area?
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Are there areas in that subject you feel don’t make complete sense, that when you ask subject matter experts they deflect (or better, admit they don’t understand it either)?
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Can you identify problems in that subject area that have not been solved, and can, if not take the time to solve them, identify how you would go about solving them?
Each step here shows an increasing level of mastery in a topic.
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