It doesn’t give up the IP alone, but it could be a component in that. You could deanonymize people by correlating vote data. That is, if only one user and IP has both viewed an inline image in and voted on any set of posts, then the IP and the user probably go together.

EDIT: That being said, I doubt that it’s that much worse than ordinary, non-inline images in that regard, unless users are voting on images without actually viewing them.